Compositions for use in prosthodontia

ABSTRACT

Superior dental fillings, tooth replacement parts, bridges and repair parts, which exhibit high abrasion resistance, stability to moisture and which do not undergo volume changes, are obtained by polymerization of a compound of formula   IN WHICH R is H or -CH3, X is an alkylidene or the -SO2- group, Y is an oxyalkylene group having between 2 and 5 carbon atoms, or an alkylidene group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms. In some instances, the polymerization is carried out in the presence of a filler.

United States Patent 1 1 Schmitt et al.

[ 1 Dec.2,1975

[ NOVEL COMPOSITIONS FOR USE IN PROSTHODONTIA [75] Inventors: Werner Schmitt; Robert Purrmann,

both of Starnberg; Peter Jochum; Wolf Dieter Zahler, both of Hechendorf, all of Germany [73] Assignee: ESPE Fabrik Pharamzeutischer Praparate Gmbl-l, Germany [22] Filed: July 31, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 276,334

Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation of Ser. No. 824,702, May 14, 1969,

abandoned.

[52] US. Cl. 260/47 UA; 32/15; 106/35; 260/42.18; 260/86.l R; 260/486; 260/901;

260/998.] 1; 260/DIG. 36

[51] Int. C13... C08F 3/62; A61K 5/00; C08F 29/50 [58] Field of Search 260/79.3 MU; 260/47 UA, 260/79.3 MU, 35, 486; 106/861, 89.5; 32/15 1,089,867 ll/l967 United Kingdom 260/486 Primary Examiner-Christopher A. Henderson Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Nolte and Nolte [57] ABSTRACT Superior dental fillings, tooth replacement parts, bridges and repair parts, which exhibit high abrasion resistance, stability to moisture and which do not undergo volume changes, are obtained by polymerization of a compound of formula x- @-Y-o-co-l=cn in which R is H or -CH X is an alkylidene or the -SO group, Y is an oxyalkylene group having between 2 and 5 carbon atoms. or an alkylidene group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms. In some instances, the polymerization is carried out in the presence of a filler.

23 Claims, N0 Drawings 1 NOVEL COMPOSITIONS FOR USE IN PROSTHODONTIA This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 824,702, filed May 14, 1969, now abandoned.

This invention relate to dentistry and more specifically to novel compositions for the preparation of dental fillings, crowns, bridges and replacement parts. The invention also relates to the methods of application in dentistry.

For the preparation of dental fillings, crowns, bridges and replacement parts, in addition to gold and porcelain, also some synthetic substances have been used, such as, in particular, polymers prepared from easily polymerizable unsaturated compounds of the olefinic type. These synthetic substances offer substantial advantages as compared with fillings and replacement parts made of gold and porcelain, because they are satisfactory in appearance, and because they are not sensitive to breakage as porcelain. It is also possible with these synthetic substances, to match more easily the particular color of teeth of different individuals.

In the last thirty years, polymethacrylate compositions have been used in dentistry for the purpose of preparing dental fillings, crowns, artificial teeth and in repair work. The polymerization of the monomer methyl methacrylate, has been conducted, if possible, by applying heat so that a good degree of polymerization is achieved. More recently, other synthetic substances, such as for instance, the newly developed polyamides, polycarbonates and above all, the great number of esters of methacrylic acid which have been synthesized in the last years, have also been investigated for their applicability in dental work and they have been recommended to some extent. However, every eifort to substitute methyl methacrylate with other acrylic or methacrylic acid derivatives, have given essentially unsatisfactory results and the dental industry always goes back to using methyl methacrylate. The latter substance still today dominates the field just as much as in the past.

When teeth fillings have to be prepared, the polymerization may only be conducted at room temperature or at body temperature. The main drawback of this cold polymerization is that a small portion of the methyl methacrylate remains unpolymerized. It has been found that these residues of monomer gradually diffuse out from the fillings and cause damage mostly to the pulp of the teeth. For this reason, methyl methacrylate fillings, in general, are used only with fillings in the case of dead teeth.

For the purpose of improving the mechanical properties, particularly the abrasion resistence of the synthetic substances, some bifunctional esters of methacrylic acid have also been used, which have given three-dimensional cross-linked products. The application of one of these bifunctional esters of methacrylic acid to the preparation of dental fillings has been described in US. Pat. No. 3,066,112, where the ester of methacrylic acid is prepared by reaction of phenols, specifically, isopropylidenediphenol with glycidyl methacrylate. The bifunctional methacrylic acid esters so obtained, must be used together with a filler consisting mainly of silica and the filler is pretreated with a vinylsilane compound. 4

The polymers described in the preceding paragraph, prepared by the conventional polymerization of bifunctional methacrylic acid esters, that is, esters prepared by reaction of bisphenol with glycidyl methacrylate, are not completely inert to moisture, andin the presence of water or saliva, the mechanical strength is decreased and volume changes occur.

Also the bifunctional esters of methacrylic acid of the type of glycerine esters have been investigated but, in accordance with the same US. Pat. mentioned above, they are too highly viscous and must be mixed with methyl methacrylate or ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate or tetramethyleneglycol dimethacrylate or other suitable low molecular weight reactive extenders, for the purpose of lowering the viscosity and making sure that the ingredients may be successfully used in dentistry. The result of this combination, however, is that also with these masses of bifunctional esters of methacrylic acid, it is necessary to add low molecular weight acrylic esters or similar substances'The drawback, as already discussed above, is that residues of unpolymerized monomeric materials of these low molecular weight extenders remain, which are toxic to the pulp of the teeth.

One object of this invention is to provide a method for the preparation'of teeth fillings, replacement parts and other prosthetic articles, which gave materials of high stability and superior abrasion resistance. Still another object is to provide novel compositions for teeth fillings and replacement parts, which exhibit practically no tendency to absorb water and which undergo essentially no change of volume during the polymerization process and in the conditions existing in the mouth.

The crux of this invention resides in the finding that, surprisingly,.superior dental fillings, replacement parts, synthetic teeth, anterior portions of teeth, jacket crowns, prosthetic article's, orthodontic devices and other dental preparations, may be obtained if the monomer being polymerized a bifunctional monomer consisting of a diester of acrylic acid with a dihydroxy compound, of general formula I.

o co c ci-l In formula I, R standsfor. a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X represents an alkylidene or a -80 group, and Y represents a oxyalkylene group having between 2 and 5 carbon atoms or an alkylidene group containing between 1 and 5 carbon atoms.

According to the preferred embodiments of the invention, X is the isopropylidene group and Y is a oxyalkylene group having between 2 and 3 carbon atoms or an ethylidene group which in some cases, may be substituted.

In general, the methacrylic esters are superior to the acrylic esters, because they are less susceptible to hydrolysis and because they exhibit better mechanical properties. Particularly suitable are the bifunctional methacrylic acid esters of diols derived from p,p'-dihydroxy-diphenylalkanes and p,p'-dihydroxy-diphenylsulfone. These diols, for example, may be prepared by reaction of the aforementioned bis-phenols with epoxides or halohydrins. The bis-hydroxy-ethoxy and bishydroxy-propoxy derivatives of diphenylalkanes, such A as for instance,2,2-diphenylpropane, 2,2-diphenylbutane or 1,1-diphenylcyclohexane are very advantageous.

3 4 The benzene rings of the dihyclroxy compound of Oraminosulfones. It is also possible to use soluble salts or mula I y also be subsmlfted wlth lower alkyl o lower sulfonic acids with tertiary-amines or quaternary amy groups, that with g p haymg between 1 monium bases, particularly in combination with peroxand 4 carbon atoms, for instance, a methyl or a methoxy group. Substitution of the benzene rings has no 5 effect on the ability to form esters with acrylic or methacrylic acid, nor does it affect the properties of the polymer.

According to a specific particularly suitable embodiment of this invention, the compound being polymerized has the formula ll below:

CH CH Y L 3 f s L11 in whichZ is an alkylene group having between 2 and ymers, however, are little stable to discoloration. When 5 carbon atoms. When jacket crowns and anterior porusing redox-systems it may be advisable to use a cover tioris are to be manufactured by h t l ri ti against oxygen of the air, because the latter has a well the diester of methacrylic acid of formula III below has n0 n inhibitory effect. proved to be advantageous: One advantage of the dental fillings and other prosv C H c H 3 C H 3 r g I I 3 g o o c O-(CH) 0 CO C-CH The'bifunctional starting materials, in general, are thetic articles prepared in accordance with this invenltttle VISCOUS liquids or relatively low-melting subi i that it is n t necessary to add highly fluid lowstances. They are prepare n g according to molecular weight acrylic or methacrylic esters during ides. Suitable catalysts are also substances containing the so-called active -CH group, such as 5-monosubstituted barbituric acid derivatives, or betadiketones, in combination with known cocatalysts, for instance, traces of heavy metals and chlorine ions. The known system of benzoyl peroxide together with N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine is satisfactory as a catalyst to cause rapid polymerization at room temperature; the resulting polconventional methods of esterification and transesterih polymerization If the substances are solid at room ficationi For instance, the diols may be directly esterit r t re, they as arule have a low melting point, so fied with methcarylic acid in the presence of known esth t th fact r of the replacement parts by hot terification catalysts, such as, for instance, p-toluenepolymerization i th ld may b easily conducted at sulfonic acid. The preparation of the bifunctional mona temperature above h i l i point OmFTS m y also be Conveniently Conducted y transes' The polymerization as a rule is conducted inthe prestenficatlon of metha'ilrylic acid alkyl esters, for ence of fillers. Particularly advantageous as fillers are,

stance, the methyl ester in the presence of conventional basic or'acid catalysts. Particularly advantageous is the preparation of the esters by reaction of reactive derivatives of acrylic or methacrylic acid, such as the halide or the anhydride. The addition of a dehydrating agent may also De-advantageous In an the Operation It is pounds of formula'l polymerize well and even if small preferable to operate i q P of an men 3 amounts of the unpolymerized monomers remain, no and to use a F m F mhlbltor Such for I risk of damage to the pulp of the teeth exists. This is in Stance a z6'dlsubsmuted phenol direct contrast with articles prepared from methyl mel gg fiz i gszggggg fggig i g risg iLZZLi: chacrylate. The reason is that the relatively high molecp ular weight substances exhibit only a very small tenstances capable of formmg free radlcals Such as peroxdency to diffuse out from the polymerized material.

ides or azocarbox lic acid nitriles. As the eroxides,

benzoyl peroxide iauroyl peroxide mono-tbutyl per- Another advantage. the dental filimgs f i ma'leate or Ham! h dro eroxide be used The ment parts prepared in accordance with this invention,

azocarboxylic z i r may yamong o'thers as compared with other fillings and prosthetic articles azoisobutyronitrile. For the preparation of replacement knqwn m the that no h g m dlmenslons. oc-

cur, even on prolonged standings in the mouth. It is of parts to be used in repair work the polymerization is utmost importance in the use of synthetic substancesin carried wi hl r0 1 eroxid b heatin the mass in 1 out t au y p e y g dental medicine, that the substances exhibit practically a mold for a few hours at C or at temperatures up to O C for a short period of time. It is preferable to con- 9 tendency apsorb Water at because other w se, changes 1n dimensions unavoidably occur, as a reduct the polymerization at l20- 160C in a current of hot air for the purpose of achieving the highest possi 60 sult of the swelling with moisture. If the material abble degree of cross linking sorbs water, the preparations may detach or the acket For the preparation of the dental fillings in the crownsfnily crack case of pure methyl methac' rylate, it is known in the literature that it swells by mouth, substances capable of acting as initiators at b t d th th h room temperature, particularly the known redox-sysa on 0 un er e Hons ems mg m 6 terns are used. With these catalysts, the bifunctional esmouth' (See h book Paul Weflfartfntltl?d ters in accordance with this invention may be p0lymer ence of Industrial Materials for Dentists, published by ized in the course of a few minutes at room tempera- Carl uanser'verlag Mumch, 1966 at 162-) ture or at body temperature. It is preferable to use sub- Another significant advantage with the compounds stances which have no tendency to discolor, such as for of this invention, is that the ester functional groups are instance, known sulfone derivatives, such as hydroxy or stable to hydrolysis. Also the polymers prepared acamong others, finely divided polymethyl methacrylate,

40 which is available in commerce in the form of small beads, glass fibers, quartz fibers, quartz powder, alumina and silicates.

Another advantage of this invention is that the comcording to this invention, exhibit a considerably superior abrasion resistance as compared with commercially available polymerization products, such as for instance, polymethacrylate.

The following examplesare set forth below for the purpose of better illustration of the invention.

EXAMPLE 1 The diester, 2,2-bis-(p-(B-hydroxy-ethoxy-)phenyl)- propane-dimethacrylate, was prepared by transesterification of 2,2-bis-(p-(E-hydroxy-ethoxy-)phenyl)-propane and methylmethacrylate, in analogy with the process described by John V. Schmitz in J .Am.Chem.Soc. 77, 194 (1955) for the preparation of tetraethyleneglycoldimethacrylate. The substance, recrystallized from cyclohexane, melted at 44-45 C.

Preparation of jacket crowns.

A paste was prepared from the diester described above with 80% of a mixture of polymethyl methacrylate, the bead polymer stained to imitate natural teeth, and lauroyl peroxide, in the ratio by weight of 100 1, at 50 C. The paste was placed in suitable molds for the preparation of jacket crowns and after heating hours at 90 C, the crowns were removed from the molds and allowed to set.

EXAMPLE 2. Preparation of artificial teeth.

The diester described in Example 1, in the amount of 10 grams, was mixed with 5 mgs of a White pigment, 8 mgs of a yellow pigment and 100 mgs of benzoyl peroxide. The material was heated at 160 C for 30 minutes in suitable molds for the preparation of artificial teeth.

EXAMPLE 3.

Preparation of Jacket Crowns.

A paste was prepared from grams of the diester of Example 1 and 6.5 grams of quartz fibers. Small portions of this paste were mixed with the bead polymer from methyl methacrylate, which was colored withthe usual shades for jacket crowns and which contained 0.8% of lauroyl peroxide. The proportion was about 3 2 by weight. Then the particular shades corresponding to the shades of natural teeth were applied in layers on a model. After depositing each layer, the material was heated for a short time in a current of hot air at 150 C and after completion of the crown, polymerization was completed at- 160 C for 10 minutes.

EXAMPLE 4. 7

Preparation of Anterior Portions of Bridges.

.manner described. in Example 3, by the conventional procedure of depositing the material on the anterior portion of the frame of the bridge. The material was finally polymerized by heating.

EXAMPLE 5 The diester, 2,2-bis-(p-( B-hydroxy-ethoxy- )phenyl)- propane-diacrylate, was prepared by transesterification of 2,2-bis-( p-( ,B-hydroxy-ethoxy- )ph enyl )-propane with methyl acrylate, in accordance with the procedure described in Example 1. The substance had a melting point of 58 60 C. The substance was used for the preparation of artificial teeth. in accordance with the procedure described in Example 2, by polymerization inmolds.

EXAMPLE 6.

The compound 2,2-bis- (p-(B-hydroxy-ethoxy- )phenyl)-sulfone was transesterified with methyl methacrylate in accordance with the procedure of Example 1. The product, 2,2-bis( p-(B-hydroxy-ethoxy-)phenyl)- sulfone-dirnethacrylate, recrystallized, from benzenecydohexane in" the ratio of 1:1, had a melting point of 100 102. 1

The polymerization was conducted by mixing with 0.5% of lauroyl peroxide, with small amounts of pigments, in molds, by heating at 160 C for a short period of time.

EXAMPLE 7.

A fluid mixture was obtained by dissolving 3 parts of the compound of Example 1 with 1 part of hexanediol 1,6 dimethacrylate, at 30 C. A paste was then formed from this mixture, with by weight of thin quartz fibers, 10% by weight of tricalcium phosphate, 1% by weight of N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine, 100 parts per thousand of a yellow pigment and 40 parts per million of a red pigment. This paste, 1 gram, was mixed with 15 mg'of a powder consisting of 20% of benzoyl peroxide and of gypsum. The mixture was placed in a cavity, and after a few minutes at room temperature, polymerization occurred, as evidenced by the fact that the material hardened.

EXAMPLE 8 A slimy paste was prepared from 56.8 grams of 2,2- bis-(p-(B-hydroxyethyl- )phenyl)-propane which had been prepared from 2,2-bis-(p-acetyl-phenyl)-propane, by reduction with NaBl-l together with 140 ml of benzene and ml of triethylamine. Under cooling at -5 C, there was added dropwise 63 grams of methacrylic acid chloride and the mixture was kept under stirring one additional hour. After addition of 400 ml of water, the benzene layer was separated, washed with dilute sulfuric acid sodium hydroxide and then with alumina.

After removing the solvent in vacuo"-,-the product 2,2- bis-(p-( B( -hydroxyethyl- )phenyl )-propane-dimethacrylate, 42.5 grams was obtained, in the form of a colorless liquid, which had a double bond equivalent of 203. The substance, in cyclohexane, exhibited two ultraviolet maxima in the region of 223 and 263 mu. (6 mol'. 20 250 and 1210 respectively).

Preparation of dental fillings.

merization was complete essentially in 6 minutes.

EXAMPLE 9 Preparation 1 of artificial teeth. The material described in Example "1 in the amount 'of 10 grams, was used as in' Example 2, but 50 mgs of EXAMPLE l Methacrylic acid, 130 grams, was esterified with 167 grams of the diastereisomer mixture of 2,2-bis-(p-(B- hydroxypropoxy-)phenyl)propane in 300 ml of benzene, 6.8 grams of p-toluene sulfonic acid, and 0.3 grams of pic ric acid. The water formed during the reaction, was removed with boiling benzene over a period of 200 hours. The product was purified by treatment with sodium hydroxide, water and alumina in the usual manner. After drying and removal of the solvent in vacuo, a colorless oil was obtained, 102 grains, which exhibited a viscosity of 46 poises at 25 C. The substance, in chloroform, exhibited two ultraviolet maxima, at 278 my. and 285 my. (6 mol. 3.680 and 3.310 respectively).

Preparation of teeth fillings.

A 0.1% solution of dibutylphenyl-ethylamine hydrochloride in the substance prepared above, 2,2-bis-(p- (B-hydroxy-propoxy- )phenyl )-propane-dimethacrylate was prepared, and copper-propionyl-acetophenate, in the amount of 13 parts per million was added. A paste was then formed from 0.5 grams of this solution and 0.5 grams of a polymethyl methacrylate bead polymer, colored to imitate natural teeth. The latter contained 2% benzoyl peroxide and l,3-dimethyl--isobutylbarbituric acid. The reaction began after a few minutes and was essentially completed after about minutes at 36 C.

EXAMPLE 1 1 To a mixture of 480 grams of sodium hydroxide, dissolved in 1.9 liters of water and 1.09 kg of bis-phenol A, that is, 2,2-di-p-hydroxyphenyl-propane, dissolved in 1.2 liters of methanol, 1.14 kg of 3-chloro-1- propanol was added dropwise at 65 C and the mixture was heated at 80 C for 5 hours. After cooling, the material was extracted with methylene chloride and the extract washed several times with sodium hydroxide. After drying and removal of the solvent, 1.350 kg of a yellow oil was obtained, which recrystallized slowly. Dissolution and recrystallization from ethyl acetate gave 770 grams of 2,2-bis-(p-y-hydroxy-propoxy- )phenyl)-propane in the form of colorless crystals of melting point 48 49 C.

The dihydroxy compound was transesterified with. methyl methacrylate according to the procedure described in Example 1, thus obtaining the bifunctional methacrylic acid ester. The substance was obtained as a colorless oil of viscosity 10 poises at 25 C. The substance in chloroform exhibited two ultraviolet maxima at 278 my. and 285 my. respectively (e mol: 3.810 and 3.430 respectively). 1

Preparation of teeth fillings.

A solution was prepared of 80 parts per million of dicyclohexyl-butylamine hydrochloride, and 2 parts per million of iron and copper in the form of their propionyl acetephenate derivatives, in the substance prepared above. The solution, in the amounts of 0.75 grams, was mixed with 0.3 grams of a bead polymer of polymethyl metacrylate, colored to imitate natural teeth and with 8 mg of phenyl-hydroxymethyl sulfone and 10 mgs of benzoyl peroxide. Hardening was complete in a few minutes.

EXAMPLE 12 To a mixture of 200 grams of sodium hydroxide, dissolved in 1 liter of water and 500 grams of p,p'dihydroxy-diphenyl-sulfone, dissolved in 520 ml of methanol, were added 474 grams of 3-chloropropanol at 65C. The mixture was heated at C 7 hours. The crystals which separated on cooling, were purified by recrystallization from methanol-water in the ratio of 5:1. The yield was 290 grams of bis-(p-(y-hydroxypropoxy)-phenyl)-sulfone of melting point 139 141C.

The esterification of this dihydroxy compound was conducted as in Example 10, with methacrylic acid and the product was purified in the usual fashion. The product was bis-(p-y-hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl)-sulfonedimethacrylate, grams, which recrystallized from methanol, melted at 78 79C.

The polymerization was conducted by mixing the diester with 0.6% of lauroyl peroxide together with the usual pigments. The product hardened after heating in suitable molds at C, for /2 hour.

EXAMPLE 13 Bis-phenol A, that is 2,2-di(p-hydroxy-phenyl-) propane, was reacted in known manner with an excess of pentene 1,2-oxide. The product, the mixture of diastereisomers, 2,2-bis-(p-(fi-hydroxyapentoxy-)phenyl)- propane was obtained as a yellow-brown, semisolid mass, which was obtained as a colorless substance by distillation b.p:192 210 C/0.005 mm. The 01-1- equivalent was 207.

Esterification was conducted from 113 grams of the dihydroxy compound, with methacrylic acid in the manner as described in Example l0-and the product was purified in the usual manner. After evaporation of the solvent in vacuo, 84 grams of acolorless oil was obtained, which, in chloroform exhibited ultraviolet maxima in the region 278 mp. 286 mp.'('e mol.: 3.720 and 3.330 respectively).

Preparation of teeth fillings.

Polymerization was conducted from the diester, with isomer-free N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine, in amount to from a 1.6% mixture, in the manner described in Example 8. v

Determination of abrasion resistance.

The abrasion resistance was determined from round test particles of 16 mm diameter and 1.2 mm thickness prepared in metallic molds, under the experimental conditions of polymerization set forth in Table 1 below. The particles were weighed. The abrasion resistance was determined by placing the particles in an aqueous suspension of pure precipitated calcium carbonate,

9 Merck No. 2064, in the ratio by weight of water and calcium carbonate of 1:1. The particles were then exposed for a period of hours to the action of round brushes of 10 mm diameter, driven by means of a motor and revolving at a speed of revolutions per .minute. The weight applied was 500 grams. After drying the weight loss was determined by weighing. The data of the experimental conditions and results of the tests, are summarized in Tablel.

10 change of the wedge breaking strength inclusive the depth of penetration were measured.

The determination of the breaking strength was conducted with the testing apparatus Frank 581. The samples were placed on a steel table and lifted against a wedge at a rate of 0.12 mm per second. The surface of the hardened wedges formed an angle of 35 and the apex of the wedge had a cylindrical radius of curvature of 0.5 mm. At the breaking point of the particles, the

Table l iAmount of the Additive, that Conditions of is the filler, expressed in Polymerization Abrasion, Experiment on the basis of the Time in in mgs.

No. I Monomer monomer Temp. hrs. per 10 hrs.

l Methylmethacrylate* 250% Polymethylmethacrylate 16 13.5 2 Triethyleneglycol-* Polymethylmethacrylate 160 0.5 1 1.1

dimethyacrylate 3 Methylmethacrylate 9.2

(Plexiglas") 4 Compound of Example 0.6% lauroyl peroxide 160 05 0.3

1 of this application 5 Compound of Example polymethylmetha- 90 16 3.3

1 of this applica crylate Plexigum M 353" tion (Rohm & Haas) 0.8% lauroyl peroxide 6 Compound of Example 80% Polymethylmetha- 160 0.5 0.9

l of this applicacrylate Plexigum M 353" tion (Rohm & Haas) 0.6% lauroyl peroxide 7 Compound of Example 30% Polymethylmethacrylate 160 0.5 0.3

l of this applica- Plexigum M 353" tion (Rohm & Haas) 50% Quartz Fibers 0.8% lauroyl peroxide 8 Compound of Example 0.6% lauroyl peroxide 0.5 1.3

10 9 Compound of Example 0.6% lauroyl peroxide 135 0.5 1.7

l l 10 Compound of Example 100% Polymethyl-methacrylate ll Plexigum M 353" (Rohm & Haas) 0.6% lauroyl peroxide 135 05 2.8

*Expcrirncnts 1 and 2 were conducted with commercially known substances.

The substances prepared according to this invention exhibit superior behavior in the so-called Hot-Cold Starting Mate rials pressure was read on a scale. The results are summarized in the following table.

Depth of Depth of Depth of Wedge breakpenetration, penetration, Wedge breakpenetration, Depth of Material ing strength 50 kg. 100 kg ing strength 50 kg penetration, l00kg in kg (mm X 10 (mm X 10' in kgs. (mm X 10 (mm X 10- Materials tested:

Experiment 1 and 2: Commercial preparations; compositions and experimental conditions of polymerization as in Experiments 1 and 2 of Table 1.

Experiment 3: Compound of Example 1; composition of Example 5 of Table l but with 0.6% 7; of lauroyl peroxide and polymerization conducted at C for 0.5 hours.

Experiment 4'. Compound of Example 1 l; composition of Experiment 10 of Table 1.

ods, in water at 10 C and then in water at 60 C. The l The data in Table 11 demonstrate that the initial high breaking strength of the commercially available preparations is rapidly lost under the experimental conditions and the materials rapidly deteriorate. On the other hand, the compositions according to this invention are absolutely stable.

It has already been discussed hereinabove that a very important requirement for the application of synthetic materials to dental medicine is that the materials have no tendency to absorb water. For this reason, experiments were conducted to determine the changes in dimensions in the presence of water. As a measure of the 1 1 12 absorption of water, the expansion in length under 3, Th th d aeeording t l i 1, wh r i th water at 36 C was measu red. The samples had length compound b i l i d i of 60 mm, Width of 6 mm and height of 2 y 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the were kept under water at 36 C and the change in Compound being polymerized is length was determined by optical measurements. The

results are summarized in Table III below.

CH H CH on 3 ca 3 I I 3 I 3 1 CH =C-CO-O-Cii- -C- -Cli-OCO-C:CH

CH Table Ill 3 Length of Linear ex Experiment the test in pansion in No. Monomer Additive days at 36 C. 7c

1 Compound of Example 1 120% Polymethyl-methacrylate Plexigum M 353 0.8% lauroyl peroxide 126 0.02 2 Compound of Example 1 100% Polymethyl-methacrylate methacrylate Kallocryl BPr" containing peroxide 178 0.00 3 Compound of Example 100% Polymethyl-methacrylate Plexigum M353 0.6% lauroyl peroxide 103 0.04 4 Compound of Example ll 100% Polymethyl-methacrylate Plexigum M353" 0.6% lauroyl peroxide 96 0.13 5 Triethylenglycoldimethl007c Polymethyl-methacrylate acrylate Pyroplast containing commercially available peroxide 42 l. l l* preparations *Furthcr mcasurmcnts could not bc takcn because the samples were distorted.

Manifestly the Compositions P p according to 5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the this invention exhibited no tendency to pick up water, compound b i l i d i while the commercially known products underwent a substantial change in dimensions.

i CH I $33 3 E 3 3 3 'tCH C-CO-O-CH-Cli -O C OCll -Cl-i-O-COC 5 CH 2 a l 2 I CH3 What is claimed is: l. A method of preparing an artificial denture which 6, Th th d according to l i 1 h i th comprises disposing in the configuration of said artificc m d b i l i d i ial denture and then polymerizing at least one essentially pure compound of the formula y R- v y R I a .I CH =C-C0-O- Y@X--Y- OCOC=CH CH CH I (IIH l l ..=CH Gri c co 0 0& CH CH QQC QO CH CH CH 0 c0 0 2 Cil wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, X is an alkylidene or 3 the group, Y is an oxyalklene group f 5 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carbon atoms or an alkylidene group of 1-5 carbon Compound being polymerized is atoms.

2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound being polymerized is CH CH The ethod according to claim 1 wher i th wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, X is an alkylidene or compound being polymerized is the -SO group, Y is an oxyalkylene group of 2-5 carbon atoms or an alkylidene group of 1-5 carbon atoms.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the compound being polymerized is 3 3 CH CH l l C (EH (1H |H (ll-l (31-1 10H =C-C0-O-CH-CH -0C O-'-Cl-i Cl-OC0-C=CH 2 2 l 2 2 CH j CH CH 91 l 1' CH c -coo-(cH -o p o-(cn -o-co-c CH 9. The method acc rd' t 1 1 h 0 ng o 0 mm W erem the 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the compound being polymerized 15 compound being polymerized is g, p a C[H I ch =cu-co-o- (ch -0-@;@0-(crl b-o-co cmcu 3 3 3 $5 CH =C-CO-O-CH-C--CH-O-c0-c-= H l 1 CH 10. The method according to claim 1, in which x is the SO group. 40

h m h accordlngfo clam whlch the 17. The method according to claim 14, wherein the polymerization 1S conducted in the presence of a free compound being polymerized is radical initiator and at a temperature of from room temperature to about 160C.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the CH (:3 (2H (211 c11 l l CH C-CO-O-CHCH '-O C O-CH -CH-O-COC CH compound is polymerized in admixture with a filler. 18. Th eth d 13. The method according to claim 12, in which the g g g g gf the filler is a member selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, quartz fibers, quartz powder, alumina and silicates. CH

. I 3 pr1 CH =C-CO--O-CH -CH CH -F)-@(i-O-CH CH -c5 -Q-CQ-c CH A method of P p n dental fining which 19. The method according to claim 14, wherein the comprises depositing 1n a cavity in a tooth and then po- Compound b i l i d i lymerizing at least one essentially pure compound of the formula I 1 CH c co o Y x co.- co -,,c CH2 20. The method according to claim 14, wherein the compound being polymerized is the S group.

21. The method according to claim 14, in which X is 22. The method according to claim 14, wherein the compound is polymerized in admixture with a filler.

23. The method according to claim 22, in which the filler is a member selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, quartz fibers, quartz powder, alumina and silicates.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PATENT NO. 3,923,740

DATED December 2, 1975 INVEN O 1 W rner Schmitt et 9.1.

It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below: O

Column 4, lines 47-48, correct spelling of "methacrylate";

' Signed and Sealed this second Day of August 1977 [SEAL] Arrest: Q

RUTH C. MASON C. MARSHALL DANN Atlesting Offi Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent 5,9217% Dated December 2, 1975 1nvm mr( Werner Schmitt et a1.

It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 5, line 28, "thousand should read -million.

Signed and Scaled this thirtieth Day Of August 1977 [SEAL] A ttest:

RUTH C. MASON C. MARSHALL DANN Alteslmg ff Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PATENT NO. 3,923,74 DATED December 2, 1975 NVENTOR(S) I Werner Schmitt Robert Purrmann, Peter Jochum,

Wolf Dieter Zahler It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said LettersPatent are hereby corrected as shown below: p

The spelling of the Assignee's name should be Pharmazeutischq Praparate The following should be included:

[30] Foreign Application Priority Data May 15, 1968 Switzerland 7178/68 Column I 2, line 21, change "gave" to give Column 4, line 1, change "or" to of Column 5, line 9, change "B" to g Column 5, line 11, change "E" to /9 Column 6, line 38, change fl to Column 6, line 48, change fl to &

Column 7, line 62, correct spelling of "acetophenate";

Column 7, line 63, change "amounts" to amount Column 7, line 65, correct spelling of "methacrylate";

' Column 8, line 45, change "from" to form Table II, first line in column 3, change "0" to 8 Column 13, line 39, change "x" to X Signal and Scaled this Twenty-sixth Day of April 1977 [SEAL] Anesz:

RUTH C. MASON C. MARSHALL DANN /1 Commissioner ofParents and Trademarks Table II, column 5, delete "methacrylate" appearing under "126":

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No- 5,925,7 0 Dated December 2, W75

Inventor(s) Werner Schmi'tt et 211.

It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 5, line 28, thousand" should read --million--.

Signed and Sealed this A lies I:

RUTH C. MASON C. MARSHALL DANN Arresting Officer Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks 

1. A METHOD OF PREPARING AN ARTIFICIAL DENTURE WHICH COMPRISES DISPOSING IN THE CONFIGURATION OF SAID ARTIFICIAL DENTURE AND THEN POLYMERIZING AT LEAST ONE ESSENTIALLY PURE COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA
 2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound being polymerized is
 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound being polymerized is
 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound being polymerized is
 5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound being polymerized is
 6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound being polymerized is
 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound being polymerized is
 8. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound being polymerized is
 9. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound being polymerized is
 10. The method according to claim 1, in which x is the -SO2-group.
 11. The method according to claim 1, in which the polymerization is conducted in the presence of a free radical initiator and at a temperature of from room temperature to about 160*C.
 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is polymerized in admixture with a filler.
 13. The method according to claim 12, in which the filler is a member selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, quartz fibers, quartz powder, alumina and silicates.
 14. A METHOD OF PREPARING A DENTAL FILLING WHICH COMPRISES DEPOSITING IN A CAVITY IN A TOOTH AND THEN POLYMERIZING AT LEAST ONE ESSENTIALLY PURE COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA
 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the compound being polymerized is
 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the compound being polymerized is
 17. The method according to claim 14, wherein the compound being polymerized is
 18. The method according to claim 14, wherein the compound being polymerized is
 19. The method according to claim 14, wherein the compound being polymerized is
 20. The method according to claim 14, wherein the compound being polymerized is
 21. The method according to claim 14, in which X is the SO2 group.
 22. The method according to claim 14, wherein the compound is polymerized in admixture with a filler.
 23. The method according to claim 22, in which the filler is a member selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, quartz fibers, quartz powder, alumina and silicates. 